Ready to optimize your JavaScript with Rust? Is it illegal to use resources in a University lab to prove a concept could work (to ultimately use to create a startup). Not sure if it was just me or something she sent to the whole team. example, in German and some other The mysql documentation ( [ dev.mysql.com .] utf8mb4_unicode_ci, which uses the Unicode rules for sorting and comparison, employs a fairly complex algorithm for correct sorting in a wide range of languages and when using a wide range of special characters. Accuracy. Disconnect vertical tab connector from PCB. Best way to convert text files between character sets? Did neanderthals need vitamin C from the diet? How to change collation of database, table, column? Something can be done or not a fit? Plain utf8 has MySQL specific restrictions that do not allow characters higher than 0xFFFD. These rules need to take into account language-specific conventions; not everybody sorts their characters in what we would call 'alphabetical order'. Does integrating PDOS give total charge of a system? Are there conservative socialists in the US? If the performance gains are negligible with most real-world data, I'd happily choose correctness based on some hypothetical future need. See the mysql manual, Unicode Character Sets section: For any Unicode character set, comparisons between characters. Database Administrators Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for database professionals who wish to improve their database skills and learn from others in the community. utf8_unicode_ci uses the default Unicode collation element table (DUCET). It's not clear that there would be any performance gains in these circumstances. intvarchartexttinyintfloat Is there any reason on passenger airliners not to have a physical lock between throttles? For example: utf8_general_ci does not support expansions/ligatures, it sorts Firstly, ci is for case-insensitive sorting and comparison. For example, the default collation for latin1 is latin1_swedish_ci. If you're experiencing slow sorting, in almost all cases it'll be an issue with your indexes/query plan. What year was the CD4041 / HEF4041 introduced? Would it be possible, given current technology, ten years, and an infinite amount of money, to construct a 7,000 foot (2200 meter) aircraft carrier? More importantly, sometimes correctness doesn't matter. If youre building web application or software that targets an international audience who speak and read languages other then english, than utf8 is one of the character sets that you must know about. There are two lowercase Greek sigmas, but only one uppercase one; consider . People reading this now should probably use one of these newer collations instead of either _unicode_ci or _general_ci. Previously, utf8mb4_general_ci was the default collation. You're populating these fields with random characters, but in the real world the data has a lot more structure and the structure is relevant to sorting. MySQL utf8 utf8mb4 general_ci unicode_ci bin . Comedy aside, Stuart has a good point, With geolocation or game development we trade correctness with performance all the time. utf8_general_cs: compare strings using general language rules and using case-sensitive comparisons. utf8mb4_unicode_ci handles these properly. utf8mb4_unicode_ci is slow in sorting, how will I fix that? collation sorts values the way you expect. Some Unicode characters are defined as ignorable, which means they shouldn't count toward the sort order and the comparison should move on to the next character instead. Same with "mb4", really. a language name, and they end with _ci (case insensitive), _cs (case How to change the default collation of a table? utf8_general_ci is a legacy collation that does not support expansions, contractions, or ignorable characters. utf8_general_ci is a legacy collation that does not support expansions, contractions, or ignorable characters. I'm getting sensibly similar figures (MySQL v5.6.12 on Windows): 10%, 4%, 8%. MySQL Character set and Collation Issue.? For some languages, it'll be quite inadequate. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. utf8mb4_general_ci is a simplified set of sorting rules which aims to do as well as it can while taking many short-cuts designed to improve speed. http://efreedom.com/Question/1-4784168/Change-Collation-Utf8-Bin-One-Go, http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/charset-binary-collations.html. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. The "unicode" vs "general" part of the collation name refers to the sorting, not the encoding of the characters. default for each displayed character set. (Probably all collations of utf8/utf8mb4). What is the MySQL equivalent of Postgres' C collation? Not sure if it was just me or something she sent to the whole team. DerN-Zukunftsgipfel 2024"@shau(Her'forderung Impressum 7 _7 >wwM tiftissen-aft Politik,D; " Alleechteorbehal +"' Das gibtAuffa '0xtori n0e'.ooGD' we(n rn `emgutaPsverfah,Fak Xcheckj Lek . What's the differences between utf8_general_ci and utf8_unicode_ci and utf8_binary collation in MySQL? It is slightly faster bit only a little bit and it can produce unexpected result while sorting or comparing strings. latin1, of which latin1_swedish_ci is the default collation, generally supports Western European characters only. And of course correctness is a real number between, Both are outdated now - see accepted answer for more, It's also important to note that the analysis linked to observes that there is. The Mis resultados son: The perfomance is different, but it rarely matters. In this answer I'm talking only about Unicode based encodings. It can be set both on startup or dynamically, with the SET command: SET character_set_server = 'latin2'; Similarly, the collation_server variable is used for setting the default server collation. Debian/Ubuntu - Is there a man page listing all the version codenames/numbers? Is it illegal to use resources in a University lab to prove a concept could work (to ultimately use to create a startup). with utf8_general_ci: 9,957 ms with utf8_unicode_ci: 10,271 ms In this benchmark using utf8_unicode_ci is slower than utf8_general_ci by 3.2%. Ready to optimize your JavaScript with Rust? I would be inclined to change it to utf8_general_ci or iso utf8_general_cs. ) says it uses "_cs" for case sensitive collations, but one isn't listed in [ dev.mysql.com .] Your choice. utf8_general_ci is case insensitive. What are the differences between utf8_general_ci and utf8_unicode_ci? Is it possible to hide or delete the new Toolbar in 13.1? Singkatnya: utf8_unicode_ci menggunakan Algoritma Collation Unicode sebagaimana didefinisikan dalam standar Unicode, sedangkan utf8_general_ci adalah urutan penyortiran yang lebih sederhana yang menghasilkan hasil penyortiran "kurang akurat". By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. According to this post, there is a considerably large performance benefit on MySQL 5.7 when using utf8mb4_general_ci in stead of utf8mb4_unicode_ci: if you guys know of a good resource with a clear explanation of the diferences between the two and good practices for i18n i would like to know it too ;) thanks in advance -daniel The output for SHOW CHARACTER SET indicates which collation is the Note: in new versions of MySQL use utf8mb4, rather than utf8, which is the same UTF-8 data format with same performance but previously only accepted the first 65,536 Unicode characters. There's an argument to be made that if speed is more important to you than accuracy, you may as well not do any sorting at all. 2019-02-19 14:51:45. MySQL is currently transitioning away from an older, flawed UTF-8 implementation. All these collations are for the UTF-8 character encoding. As far as Latin (ie European) languages go, there is not much difference between the Unicode sorting and the simplified utf8mb4_general_ci sorting in MySQL, but there are still a few differences: In non-latin languages, such as Asian languages or languages with different alphabets, there may be a lot more differences between Unicode sorting and the simplified utf8mb4_general_ci sorting. What are the effects of choosing one over the other when designing a database? languages is equal to ss. _general_ci collation are faster than those for the _unicode_ci collation. Method 1: Export SQL with compatibility for lower version of MySQL Using PHPMyAdmin Follow the below steps to export SQL file with the compatibility for lower versions of MySQL. character compares as equal to The cost of utf8_unicode_ci is that it is a little bit When you run SHOW COLLATION in MySQL or MariaDB, you will see a large amount of available character sets and collations such as: utf8_general_ci. _unicode_ci and _general_ci are two different sets of rules for sorting and comparing text according to the way UTF8 - this is the character set to be used. What's the difference between utf8_general_ci and utf8_unicode_ci? It seems that in MySQL/MariaDB that utf8 can only store encoded symbols up to 3 bytes long, but official UTF-8 should be able to store encoded symbols up to 4 bytes long (so utf8mb4 is the "correct" UTF-8 to use if you want all those 4 bytes of encoding in MySQL). Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! utf8mb4_ unicode_ Ci is based on the standard Unicode to sort and compare, and can be accurately sorted among various languages. Refresh the page, check. As far as Latin (ie "European") languages go, there is not much difference between the Unicode sorting and the simplified utf8mb4_general_ci sorting in MySQL, but there are still a few differences: For examples, the Unicode collation sorts "" like "ss", and "" like "OE" as people using those characters would normally want, whereas utf8mb4_general_ci sorts them as single characters (presumably like "s" and "e" respectively). So why would you want to use a broken encoding? Replace: utf8_general_ci (Replace All) For example, the default collation for latin1 is latin1_swedish_ci. utf8_general_ci: compare strings using general language rules and using case-insensitive comparisons. Note that unicode uses rules from Unicode 4.0. Are there breakers which can be triggered by an external signal and have to be reset by hand? Ten post opisuje to bardzo adnie. I wanted to know what is the performance difference between using utf8_general_ci and utf8_unicode_ci, but I did not find any benchmarks listed on the internet, so I decided to create benchmarks myself. To know the difference between utf8_general_ci and utf8_unicode_ci we need to break down the collation's name. How to change the CHARACTER SET (and COLLATION) throughout a database? Change MySQL default character set to UTF-8 in my.cnf? Basically utf8_general_ci is a broken version of utf8_unicode_ci. Filed Under: Coding & Development 2 Comments. Letters like do not decompose to an o plus a diacritic, meaning that it wont correctly sort. 2. utf8_unicode_ci is *generally* more accurate for all scripts. The preferred . Extra letters used in Belarusian, Macedonian, Serbian, and Ukrainian are not well sorted / not sorted accurately. The main difference between UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32 character encoding is how many bytes it requires to represent a character in memory. For some languages, it'll be quite inadequate. Is Energy "equal" to the curvature of Space-Time? The 4 byte encoded Emoji characters (for example) exist in UTF-8 but not in MySQL . I do it on a daily basis in my profession. Next, unicode or general refers to the specific sorting and comparison rules - in particular, the way text is normalized or compared. so I would suppose that utf8_bin is your only choice for case sensitivity. The second solution is in the SQL file. W skrcie: utf8_unicode_ci uywa algorytmu sortowania Unicode zdefiniowanego w standardach Unicode, podczas gdy utf8_general_ci jest prostszym porzdkiem sortowania, co skutkuje "mniej dokadnymi" wynikami sortowania. the character set with which they are associated, they usually include Your underlying point isn't invalid nor am I attempting to espouse the benefits of general_ci, but your general statement about correctness is easily disproven. Is there a verb meaning depthify (getting more depth)? operations performed using the One other thing I'll add is that even if you know your application only supports the English language, it may still need to deal with people's names, which can often contain characters used in other languages in which it is just as important to sort correctly. UTF-8 uses a minimum of one byte, while UTF-16 uses a minimum of 2 bytes. Michael Madsen sumber 1 Terima kasih. For example, comparisons for the utf8_general_ci collation are faster, but slightly less correct, than comparisons for utf8_unicode_ci. 2. utf8_unicode_ci is *generally* more accurate for all scripts. Today, that performance cost has all but disappeared, and developers are treating internationalization more seriously. mysqlutf8_general_ci . Ready to optimize your JavaScript with Rust? Correctness is a boolean characteristic; it does not admit modifiers of degree. There are two big difference the sorting and the character matching: For example, in utf8mb4_unicode_ci you have i != , but in utf8mb4_general_ci it holds =i. These two collations are both for the UTF-8 character encoding. Why does the distance from light to subject affect exposure (inverse square law) while from subject to lens does not? Not the answer you're looking for? Help us identify new roles for community members, Proposing a Community-Specific Closure Reason for non-English content. En los procedimientos almacenados anteriores utf8_general_ci pero, por supuesto, durante las pruebas he utilizado ambos utf8_general_ci y utf8_unicode_ci. hi e's, usually when i save data in mysql db i use collation utf8_general_ci. The utf8 collations are 3-byte collations, they do not specify mb3 for simplicity. There is a difference between changing the character set from utf8 to utf8mb4 (to support more codepoints) and changing the collation from general_ci to unicode_ci (to get more accurate sorting). utf8_general_mysql500_ci. Computer using different languages reference characters with different ascii/binary references such as latin1. At what point in the prequels is it revealed that Palpatine is Darth Sidious? rev2022.12.9.43105. Is Base64 encoding not just encoded as ASCII? For examples, the Unicode collation sorts like ss, and like OE as people using those characters would normally want, whereas. Mainly from the two aspects of sorting accuracy and performance. The differences are in how text is sorted and compared. That means a different delimiter is applied. utf8mb4_unicode_ci is based on the Unicode standard for sorting and comparison, which sorts accurately in a very wide range of languages. What are the differences between utf8_general_ci and utf8_unicode_ci? It's trivial to make an algorithm faster if you do not need it to be accurate. but slightly less correct, than The other types of collation are cs (case-sensitive) for textual data where case is important, and bin, for where the encoding needs to match, bit for bit, which is suitable for fields which are really encoded binary data (including, for example, Base64). benchmark_select_like () with utf8_general_ci: 11,441 ms with utf8_unicode_ci: 12,811 ms In this benchmark using utf8_unicode_ci is slower than utf8_general_ci by 12%. | by Nilesh Patil | Medium Write Sign up Sign In 500 Apologies, but something went wrong on our end. What's the difference between ASCII and Unicode? utf8, a UTF-8 encoding of the Unicode character set using one to three bytes per character. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. How to store Emoji Character in MySQL Database. And it's not forwards and backwards compatible because you can't use the "520" version on older MySQL versions. It is very difficult to ever justify giving wrong answers, so its best to assume that utf8_general_ci doesnt exist and to always use utf8_unicode_ci. From Unicode Character Sets in the MySQL documentation: For any Unicode character set, operations performed using the _general_ci collation are faster than those for the _unicode_ci collation. Given that most of your data is ASCII, the size in utf8 shouldn't have changed much. Most of my databases have an overwhelming majority of characters that are in a basic Latin encoding, with a small number of other characters often in a field here or there. What is the difference between UTF-8 and Unicode? database Flask. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci; MySQLutf8_general_ci,cicase insensitive,. utf8 UTF-8 Unicodeutf8mb4 UTF-8 Unicode utf8_general_ciutf8mb4_general_ci . This means it's suitable for textual data, and case is not important. Maybe the input file isn't compatible with the utf8 encoding option used by io.open. How To . And still, when I try to create a table, they are created using "utf8_general_ci" instead of "utf8_unicode_ci". Examples of frauds discovered because someone tried to mimic a random sequence. Love podcasts or audiobooks? The disadvantage of utf8_unicode_ci is that it is a little bit slower than utf8_general_ci. utf8 encodes with 1-3 bytes per character, utf8mb4 encodes 1-4 bytes per character. Not the answer you're looking for? xxx_unicode_cixxx_general_ci utf8_general_ciutf_8_unicode_ci utf8_unciode_ci (1) utf8_general_ci - - utf8_unicode_ci In short: utf8_unicode_ci uses the Unicode Collation Algorithm as defined in the Unicode standards, whereas utf8_general_ci is a more simple sort order which results in "less accurate" sorting results. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. I created a very simple table with 500,000 rows: Then I filled it with random data by running this stored procedure: Then I created the following stored procedures to benchmark simple SELECT, SELECT with LIKE, and sorting (SELECT with ORDER BY): In the stored procedures above utf8_general_ci collation is used, but of course during the tests I used both utf8_general_ci and utf8_unicode_ci. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. my doubts is about if i do the right thing when use utf8_general_ci, and the diference between utf8_general_ci and utf8 . For example, comparisons for the and if any of these will support most languages or all? reason for this is that To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Maybe the input file is meant to be used as a csv file and the collapsing is on purpose? There are many different sets of rules for the utf8mb4 character encoding, with unicode and general being two that attempt to work well in all possible languages rather than one specific one. Collations have these general characteristics: Two different character sets cannot have the same collation. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Sed based on 2 words, then replace whole line with variable, If you see the "cross", you're on the right track. https://www.percona.com/blog/2019/02/27/charset-and-collation-settings-impact-on-mysql-performance/. What exactly do "u" and "r" string prefixes do, and what are raw string literals? collation - utf8_general_ci vs utf8_unicode_ci. Collations have these general characteristics: Two different character sets cannot have the same collation. Using the Unicode rules for everything helps add peace of mind that the very smart Unicode people have worked very hard to make sorting work properly. If you need better sorting order - use utf8_unicode_ci (this is the preferred method). rev2022.12.9.43105. utf8mb4 utf8 utf8 . Fully Homomorphic Encryption and the Game of Life, Flutter Web on Google App Engine using Cloud Build, Unity/C# Challenge 2: Creating Player Bounds in C#, Top 6 Important Things to Know Before You Teach Yourself to Code, Molecular Dynamics: Cell Meshes and Parallelization in Python, alter table `dbname`.`tablename` convert to character. Source: http://forums.mysql.com/read.php?103,187048,188748#msg-188748. Each character set has one collation that is the default collation. Is it correct to say "The glue on the back of the sticker is dying down so I can not stick the sticker to the wall"? Disconnect vertical tab connector from PCB. ALTER DATABASE dbname CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; Run the following command to change the character set and collation of your table: ALTER TABLE tablename CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; For either of these examples, please replace the example character set and collation with your desired values. slower than utf8_general_ci. The flawed version remains for backward compatibility, though it is being deprecated. Why is apparent power not measured in Watts? Server Level. Emojis can now be stored by default. StackOverflow has a list of questions tagged utf-8 and collation, ServerFault only has one tagged utf-8 and collation, There is a website called efreedom.com that has links all around StackOverflow concerning utf8 : http://efreedom.com/Question/1-4784168/Change-Collation-Utf8-Bin-One-Go, Here is another site about collations as its place in the MySQL World : http://www.collation-charts.org/, Here is a link explaining binary collations : http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/charset-binary-collations.html. Why would Henry want to close the breach? Then. Between utf8_general_ci and utf8_unicode_ci, are there any differences in terms of performance? "bin" as the collation means that it's a binary comparison only: no attempt to adapt to any written language conventions will be made and it will be compared purely on the data bits. I don't ignore gains of 3%, and 12% is bigger, especially as any db admin makes dozens if not hundreds of choices with performance implications, and they add up. Is it appropriate to ignore emails from a student asking obvious questions? MySQLutf83 . For example, in German and some other languages is equal to ss. Nice benchmark, thanks for sharing. On modern servers, this performance boost will be all but negligible. The general_ci set will be faster because there is less computation to do. So, utf8mb4_general_ci is a compromise that's probably not needed for speed reasons and probably also not suitable for accuracy reasons. utf8mb4_general_ci fails to implement all of the Unicode sorting rules, which will result in undesirable sorting in some situations, such as when using particular languages or characters. What are the primary differences between NuoDB and MySQL? utf8mb4_unicode_ci is based on the official Unicode rules for universal sorting and comparison, which sorts accurately in a wide range of languages. On the other hand we have that a= and =ss in utf8mb4_unicode_ci which is not the case in utf8mb4_general_ci. Should teachers encourage good students to help weaker ones? The difference between utf8_general_ci and utf8_unicode_ci. Site design / logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Is this an at-all realistic configuration for a DHC-2 Beaver? The differences in terms of performance are very slight. I'm can't find the documentation of MySQL on this topic. A difference between the collations is that this is true for utf8_general_ci : = s Whereas this is true for utf8_unicode_ci , which supports the German DIN-1 ordering (also known as dictionary order): = ss MySQL implements utf8 language-specific collations if the ordering with utf8_unicode_ci does not work well for a language. Is it appropriate to ignore emails from a student asking obvious questions? Credit goes to Mathias Bynens for the solution, here's his very useful guide: @tchrist The problem with saying correctness is boolean is it doesn't take into account situations that don't rely on absolute correctness. What is the difference between utf8mb4 and utf8 charsets in MySQL? https://www.percona.com/blog/2019/02/27/charset-and-collation-settings-impact-on-mysql-performance/. 1. utf8_unicode_ci supports so called expansions and ligatures, for example: German letter (U+00DF LETTER SHARP S) is sorted near ss Letter (U+0152 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OE) is sorted near OE. So, while these performance gains look compelling, I'm wondering if this would work with real world data. There is almost certainly no reason to use utf8mb4_general_ci anymore, as we have left behind the point where CPU speed is low enough that the performance difference would be important. How does legislative oversight work in Switzerland when there is technically no "opposition" in parliament? Help us identify new roles for community members. In your example, and the way you showed: "show variables like "collation_database";", you are not really showing us the table status, to be able to see the "Collation" under which your database/table is created. contractions, or ignorable characters. utf8_unicode_ci vs utf8_general_ci collation differences? utf8_unicode_ci vs utf8_general_ci does anyone know which one is better and why? utf8utf8mb4utf8 most bytes 4. Most of my databases need to accomodate unicode characters not in basic Latin encodings, but it is very rare that they need to be sorted accurately by these characters, in fact, I can't think of a single instance I've needed this in my whole 20+ year career. For example, on Cyrillic block: utf8_unicode_ci is fine for all these languages: Russian, Bulgarian, Belarusian, Macedonian, Serbian, and Ukrainian. So when you need better sorting order use utf8_unicode_ci, and when youre utterly interested in performance use utf8_general_ci. I had problems getting 5.6.15 to take the collation_connection setting, and it turns out you have to pass it in the SET line like 'SET NAMES utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci'. utf8_unicode_ci is generally more accurate for all scripts. Sudo update-grub does not work (single boot Ubuntu 22.04). szervez tea Vdjegy default character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_unicode_ci gazdagtjk Lejrt Rezidencia 39411 (Import Error: sql database utf8mb4 versus utf8) - WordPress Trac Translation Management - > Tr Basket -> translation option not working - WPML Site design / logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Why couldn't they have just updated their existing collation? I mean, @Halilzgr - your point is partially wrong. How does legislative oversight work in Switzerland when there is technically no "opposition" in parliament? Why doesn't MySQL coerce the collation to the column-specified, when comparing to a literal? Anyone can give some explanations please? By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. utf8_unicode_ci . utf8mb4_unicode_ci utf8mb4_general_ci MySQL 8.0 utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci utf8mb4_unicode_ci uft8mb4 UTF-8 4 0900 Unicode Unicode . In this benchmark using utf8_unicode_ci is slower than utf8_general_ci by 12%. utf8_unicode_ci also supports contractions and ignorable characters. It does not follow the Unicode rules and will result in undesirable sorting or comparison in some situations, such as when using particular languages or characters. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. We do not currently allow content pasted from ChatGPT on Stack Overflow; read our policy here. comparisons for utf8_unicode_ci. utf8_unicode_ci vs utf8_general_ci Para no tener problemas con acentos y dentro de MySql en Internet que me recomiendan manejar utf8_unicode_ci o utf8_general_ci Tienes una mejor respuesta a este tema? What's the difference between UTF-8 and UTF-8 with BOM? QGIS expression not working in categorized symbology. But really the difference is that you're treating the file as a csv file vs. not treating it as such. I've got two options for unicode that look promising for a mysql database. 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[duplicate], What's the difference between utf8_general_ci and utf8_unicode_ci, http://forums.mysql.com/read.php?103,187048,188748#msg-188748, forums.mysql.com/read.php?103,187048,188748#msg-188748. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Hence it excludes most Emoji and some Chinese characters. The "unicode" collations are probably the default sort weights and collation rules. There is a convention for collation names: They start with the name of I am curious to run this on some of my real data. Help us identify new roles for community members, Proposing a Community-Specific Closure Reason for non-English content. For example, on Cyrillic block: utf8_unicode_ci is fine for all these languages: Russian, Bulgarian, Belarusian, Macedonian, Serbian, and Ukrainian. I don't know how I feel about that - instead of fixing their implementation to follow the latest Unicode standard they keep the obsolete version as the default and people have to add "520" to use the proper one now. How can I use a VPN to access a Russian website that is banned in the EU? (Not all of these Unicode code points have been assigned characters yet, but that doesn't stop UTF-8 from being able to encode them.) The WP docs are pretty adamant about leaving it 'utf8'. The performance gains referenced by @nightcoder do not strike me as negligible. utf8_unicode_520_ci. How do I tell if this single climbing rope is still safe for use? be clear which collation is most suitable for a given application. Open the sql file in your text editor and follow these steps: Search: utf8mb4_unicode_ci. benchmark_order_by () Because the utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci collation is now the default, new tables have the ability to store characters outside the Basic Multilingual Plane by default. An overwhelming majority of the data in my databases is mostly characters that would exist in a Latin coding, with only occasional other characters thrown in, and those characters are almost never important in sorting. The suitability of utf8mb4_general_ci will depend heavily on the language used. So to summarize, utf_general_ci uses a smaller and less correct (according to the standard) set of comparisons than utf_unicode_ci which should implement the entire standard. As we can read here (Peter Gulutzan) there is difference on sorting/comparing polish letter "" (L with stroke - html esc: Ł) (lower case: "" - html esc: ł) - we have following assumption: In polish language letter is after letter L and before M. No one of this coding is better or worse - it depends of your needs. Utf8mb4 has better compatibility and takes up more space. It was devised in a time when servers had a tiny fraction of the CPU performance of today's computers. utf8mb4 is used by default since 8.0.0-beta12. In the past, some people recommended to use utf8mb4_general_ci except when accurate sorting was going to be important enough to justify the performance cost. How to set a newcommand to be incompressible by justification? I concur: the performance gain of, 1) But shouldn't this benchmark generate similar results for the two collation by definition? It can make only one-to-one comparisons between characters. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, Looks like this answer was straight copied from the mysql forum, doesn't stop you from quoting the original source when you copy / paste an answer :P. 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