"[67], In September 2014, following the spread of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), he issued a statement, "From the cradle of revelation and the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, I call on leaders and scholars of the Islamic nation to carry out their duty towards God Almighty, and to stand in the face of those trying to hijack Islam and present it to the world as a religion of extremism, hatred, and terrorism, and to speak the word of truth, and not fear anybody. I dont think they are crazy enough to have an internal conflict over the throne, said a Saudi writer. [140] The third one was in Riyadh in 2011. Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz al-Saud speaks with . In recent months, Salman has begun to play a more active role and has represented the country at important meetings abroad. But the country does at least have oil in its favour. He offered condolences for the death of Saleh, describing him and others killed in recent days of fighting as . He was the eighth son of King Abdulaziz, and his eldest son by Hassa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi. "You as Persians have no business meddling in Arab matters". Salman served as the governor of Riyadh province for years and enjoys a reputation for good governance. Ascended to the throne of Saudi Arabia on 1 August 2005 upon the death of his half-brother King Fahd. The King made the private suggestion during a meeting in Riyadh in March 2009 with White House counterterrorism adviser, John O. Brennan. Fahd and his six full brothers are known as the Sudairi Seven. Ambassador to Saudi Arabia James Smith discusses if the death of King Abdullah will affect the U.S., Saudi relationship. Abdullah said he had agreed, and the channel was established, with Velayati and Saud Al Faisal as the points of contact. [51][52] In March 2008, he called for a "brotherly and sincere dialogue between believers from all religions".[53]. Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud was born on April 14, 1906, in Riyadh, then in the Emirate of Nejd and Hasa, now the capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.His father was Abdulaziz ibn Abdul Rahman Al Saud, also known as Ibn Saud, the founder and the first king of Saudi Arabia.Faisal's mother was Tarfa bint Abdullah bin Abdullatif Al ash-Sheikh, one of his father . The Egyptian people will never forget the historic positions of late King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz toward Egypt and its people.. Was a supporter of the . The BBC's Frank Gardner says Saudi Arabia could face an increasing internal security problem following the death of King Abdullah. Officials did not disclose the cause of. Two letters were sent in November 2006 and February 2007 asking him to remove the travel ban on critics of the Saudi government. [97] His second eldest son, Prince Khalid, was deputy commander of the Saudi Arabian National Guard West until 1992. [47] On 11 January 2013, Abdullah appointed thirty women to the Consultative Assembly or Shura Council and modified the related law to mandate that no less than 20 percent of 150 members would be women. [108] A prominent wife of the King, Hessa bint Trad Al Shaalan, is the mother of Prince Faisal and Princess Abeer among others. The King returned to Saudi Arabia from Morocco on 24 September. "No, Arabs", countered the King. There had been almost no public tradition of women participating in sport in the country. In August 2011, Abdullah recalled the Saudi Ambassador from Damascus due to the political unrest in Syria and closed its embassy. The new king, Salman of Saudi Arabia, moved swiftly after the death of his predecessor, King Abdullah, to name successors in one of the Arab world's richest and most influential nations . Upon Abdullahs death in 2015, his half-brother Salman was appointed king. Based on a WikiLeaks cable, the King told the Chinese that it was willing to effectively trade a guaranteed oil supply in return for Chinese pressure on Iran not to develop nuclear weapons. Abdullah has also been criticized for his policies on religious freedom and the Saudi government allegedly has arrested Shiite pilgrims on the Hajj. Saudi Arabia under King Salman faces a number of challenges. [64] However, according to US federal law, gifts of such nature and value are accepted "on behalf of the United States" and are considered property of the US government. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. One of those convictions was his steadfast and passionate belief in the importance of the US-Saudi relationship as a force for stability and security in the Middle East and beyond," he said. No, he died on 01/23/2015, He was 90 years old when he died. Get more info like birth place, age, birth sign, biography, family, relation & latest news etc. [87], In November 2010, Prince Nayef chaired a cabinet meeting because of the deterioration of the King's health. [127] She later married Fahd bin Badr, with whom she has five children. Beginning 1985, SANG also sponsored the Janadiriyah festival that institutionalized traditional folk dances, camel races and tribal heritage. [165], He donated $10 billion to the endowment fund of the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in May 2008. Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB) and the European Saudi Organisation for Human Rights (ESOHR) call on the government of Saudi Arabia to immediately . Saudi King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz has died, royal officials have announced, weeks after he was admitted to hospital. He allowed mild criticism of his government in the press, and hinted that more women should be allowed to work. Abdullah then. Since publication, the Royal Court of Saudi Arabia has asserted to the Guardian that King Salman is Most certainly not suffering from dementia or any other kind of mental impairment. That's because Abdullah, 90, who assumed the throne in 2005, had led one of the West's key . Israeli President Reuven Rivlin praised Abdullah's "grounded, considered and responsible leadership", while Iran offered Saudi Arabia its condolences and said its foreign minister would travel to Riyadh for an "official ceremony" on Saturday. [citation needed], In August 2010, Abdullah decreed that only officially approved religious scholars associated with the Senior Council of Ulema would be allowed to issue fatwas. In turn, lucrative arms contracts were secretly offered to China by the Kingdom. Updates? View Source Share Save to Suggest Edits Memorial Photos Flowers Memorials Region Asia Saudi Arabia ar-Riy al-Oud Cemetery [36], Abdullah implemented many reform measures. Abdullah of Saudi Arabia is most famous for being the king of Saudi Arabia, which is the richest country in the world. He originally sought to placate extreme Islamist voicesmany of which sought to end the Saudi dynastys ruleyet the spectre of anti-Saudi and anti-Western violence within the countrys borders led him, for the first time, to order the use of force by the security services against some extremists. Beyond confirmation that Salman has ascended the throne lie troubling questions about the succession, the stability of an unreformed absolute monarchy and the prospects for its younger generation of royals at a time of turmoil in the region including the destabilising crisis in Yemen. The Saudi religious establishment views every aspect of life and death as a submission to God's supreme will, and protocol permits no official mourning period. There will be a continuity of Saudi politics in the region. "[30] Later, he also condemned Israel for attacking families of suspects. Even women they're stepping all over them. His successor is his half-brother Crown Prince Salman. In June 2008, he held a conference in Mecca to urge Muslim leaders to speak with one voice with Jewish and Christian leaders. With prices below $45 a barrel, Saudi Arabia is one of the very few exporting countries to still make big margins on production and exploration. Read full biography Is Abdullah of Saudi Arabia still alive? Abdullah of Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabian, King) was born on 01-08-1924. Here in Saudi Arabia's second city, the streets were quiet this morning as many people flocked to mosques for Friday prayers. "[57] It brought together Muslim and non-Muslim nations to eradicate preconceptions as to Islam and terrorism, with world leadersincluding former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair, Israeli President Shimon Peres, US President George W. Bush and King Abdullah II of Jordanattending. A Jedawi I spoke to said that although it was known that Abdullah was ailing, to wake up to news of the king's death was distressing. His stables were considered the largest in Saudi Arabia, with over 1,000 horses spread throughout five divisions led by his son Prince Mutaib. His 79-year-old half-brother, Salman, has been confirmed as the new king. [110] Prince Abdulaziz was the king's former Syria adviser[99] and was deputy foreign affairs minister from 2011 to 2015. [1] The following year, he was appointed commander of the Saudi Arabian National Guard, a post he was still holding when he became king. He also promoted the construction of the King Abdullah University for Science and Technology (the country's new flagship and controversially co-ed institution for advanced scientific research). Muqrins position was confirmed last year by the 35-member allegiance council in a move designed by Abdullah to guarantee a smooth succession. Funeral prayer for her was performed after evening prayers at the Grand Mosque in Mecca.[139]. Comments from world leaders in response to the death of Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah, who died early Friday in Riyadh. In a slight rebuff to accusations of human rights violations, Saudi inmates of Najran Province sent the King well-wishes from jail and wished him a speedy recovery.[83]. Prior to announcing Abdullah's death, Saudi television cut to Koranic verses, which often signifies the passing of a senior royal. In November 2008, he and his government arranged discussion at the United Nations General Assembly to "promote dialogue among civilizations, cultures and peoples, as well as activities related to a culture of peace" and calling for "concrete action at the global, regional and subregional levels. Upon his death in 2015 at age 90, Abdullah was succeeded by his half-brother Salman. [127], From his marriage to Al Anoud Al Fayez (arranged when she was 15 without her having ever met him), whom he later divorced, Abdullah had four daughters Sahar, Maha, Hala and Jawahir. [40] However, other sources said that many Arab governments were only nominally opposed to the Iraq invasion because of popular hostility. Under his leadership the commission also investigated and punished some "out-of-control" officers for misbehaviour. [145] On 22 January 2011, he left the United States for Morocco,[146] and returned to the Kingdom on 23 February 2011. Tensions between the United States and Saudi Arabia resurfaced, however, after Abdullah refused to support a U.S.-led attack on Iraq or to allow the use of Saudi military facilities for such an act. [163] It is equipped with two heliports and is surrounded by large mansions on 133acres of vegetation. [15] On 6 June 2011, Abdullah's daughter Princess Sahab (born 1993) married Khalid bin Hamad Al Khalifa, son of Bahraini King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa. Abdullah bin Abdulaziz, who had been king since 2005 and effectively in charge since his brother Fahds stroke in 1995, accepted limited change after 2011 in response to the Arab spring. Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud was the King of Saudi Arabia and Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques from 2005 to 2015. [10] He was the tenth son of King Abdulaziz. Brennan replied that "horses don't have good lawyers" and that such a proposal would "face legal hurdles" in the United States. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [103] King Abdullah also married Jawahir bint Ali Hussein from the Al Jiluwi clan, with whom he had two children, Princess Anoud and Prince Saud. Abdullah is credited with building up the once largely ceremonial unit into a modern 260,000-strong force that is a counterweight to the army. The King described his conversation with Iranian foreign minister Mottaki as "a heated exchange, frankly discussing Iran's interference in Arab affairs". There have been some calls for political reform and small scale protests in several cities, especially in Eastern Province where Shiites called for the release of political prisoners. Abdullah had been in poor health in recent months. At the same time, in 2005 Abdullah responded to demands for greater political inclusiveness by holding the countrys first municipal elections, based on adult male suffrage. King Faisal of Saudi Arabia. He was also the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. This is it. He had been unwell for some time and the Saudi authorities refused to give him the medical care he needed. Abdullah had suffered frequent bouts of ill health in recent years, and King Salman had recently taken on the ailing monarch's responsibilities. [76] In January 2011, the Kingdom granted asylum to the ousted Tunisian leader, Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali, under conditions of no further political involvement. [101][109], Abdullah had thirty-six children, sixteen of whom are male. Today Abdullah of Saudi Arabia would be 98 years old. The news, announced early on Friday morning local time on state television, came after the king was admitted to hospital. For his support of Crown Prince Faisal (196475) during Faisals power struggle with King Saud (195364), Abdullah was rewarded in 1962 with command of the Saudi National Guard. [41], In light of the Arab Spring, Abdullah laid down a $37 billion (32.8 billion) programme of new spending including new jobless benefits, education and housing subsidies, debt write-offs, and a new sports channel. [141] The King was admitted to NewYorkPresbyterian Hospital after a blood clot complicated a slipped disc and underwent successful back surgery. [17] Madawi Al-Rasheed argues that Abdullah's maternal roots and his earlier experience of a speech impediment led to delay in his rise to higher status among the sons of King Abdulaziz. He was taught by a group of senior Ulema and prominent teachers. EMail. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. Saudi Arabia has not been much affected by the Arab uprisings. [63] Abdullah told an Iraqi official about Al Maliki, "You and Iraq are in my heart, but that man is not. Former King of Saudi Arabia (1924-2015) - Abdullah of Saudi Arabia was born in Riyadh (capital of Saudi Arabia) on August 1st, 1924 and died in Riyadh (capital of Saudi Arabia) on January 23rd, 2015 at the age of 90. Jordan's King Abdullah II cut short a visit to Davos, Switzerland, to travel to Saudi Arabia, as Jordan's royal court declared 40 days of mourning. UN-appointed independent human rights experts called on Tuesday for Saudi Arabia to immediately release Abdullah al-Howaiti and quash the death sentence against him for crimes he allegedly committed as a child. [50] The move followed a Twitter campaign. CNN noted that Abdullah had been suffering for weeks from pneumonia, though the royal court has not yet released an exact cause for his death. That puts it in a powerful position on the world stage. Prior to his ascension, he was Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia since 13 June 1982. Domestic affairs. Abdullah of Saudi Arabia former King of Saudi Arabia (1924-2015) Upload media Wikipedia Wikiquote Name in native language Date of birth 1 August 1924 Riyadh ( Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia) Date of death 23 January 2015 Riyadh ( Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia) Manner of death natural causes Cause of death pneumonia [114][119] Another son, Mohammed, is married to Nouf bint Nayef, a daughter of the Prince Nayef and Maha bint Mohammed Al Sudairi. In 2001 relations between the two countries grew strained over Saudi claims that the U.S. government was not evenhanded in its approach to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. [111] His youngest son, Prince Bandar, was born in 1999, when Abdullah was about 75 years old. US president Barack Obama saluted the late kings commitment to close US Saudi ties and offered condolences. When Sultan died in 2011, Sultan's full brother Nayef was named heir to the throne, but Nayef himself died the next year. The Saudi government leads a coalition that has been fighting Iran-backed Houthi militants in Yemen during a nearly three-year-old war. [18], King Khalid appointed Abdullah as second deputy prime minister on 29 March 1975 just four days after his kingship[20] which was a reflection of his status as second in the line of succession to the Saudi throne. Saudi Arabia buried King Abdullah Friday as foreign leaders gathered in the capital for the funeral of the ruler of the world's top oil exporter and the spiritual home of Islam. [78] In addition, Assad attended the opening of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in October 2009. The new laws were welcomed by Saudi women's rights activists, although some expressed concerns that the law could not be implemented successfully without new training for the judiciary, and that the tradition of male guardianship would remain an obstacle to prosecutions. [68], In 2006, Iranian Supreme Leader Khamenei had sent his adviser Ali Akbar Velayati with a letter asking for Abdullah's agreement to establish a formal back channel of communication between the two leaders. That will be the end of an era for a family, the Al Saud, who literally gave their name to a wealthy but autocratic country that controls 20% of the worlds oil reserves and dominates a strategic and volatile region. [39] He vowed to fight terrorist ideologies within the country. Saudi Arabia's Western and Arab allies, along with countries such as Israel and China, have offered their condolences on the death of King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz. His mother was a member of the Al Rashid dynasty, historical rivals of the Al Saud dynasty. The Guard, which was Abdullah's original power base, protects the royal family. He was the tenth son of King Abdulaziz, the founder of Saudi Arabia, and the fifth of Abdulaziz's six sons who were kings. According to Forbes, Abdullah is among the world's . In keeping with traditions of Wahhabism - the ultra-conservative form of Sunni Islam followed by the kingdom - King Abdullah will be buried in an unmarked grave immediately after Friday prayers. [42] However, Saudi police arrested 100 Shiite protesters who complained of government discrimination. He also stated that women would become eligible to take part in the unelected shura. In turn, Obama hosted the King at the White House in the same month. [44][45], In January 2012, Abdullah dismissed the head of Saudi Arabia's powerful religious police, replacing him with a more moderate cleric, state news agency SPA reported, without giving reasons. [18], In August 1963, Abdullah was made commander of Saudi National Guard replacing Saad bin Saud, a son of King Saud, in the post. In a recent meeting with the BBC in Jeddah, he appeared alert and well-briefed but walked with the aid of a stick, our correspondent adds. Work on the power grid project has started in some Arab countries.[61]. [166], Abdullah received a number of international high orders. Contents 1 Early life 2 Commander of National Guard 3 Second in line 4 Crown Prince and Regent 5 King of Saudi Arabia 5.1 Domestic affairs 5.2 Interfaith dialogue 5.3 Arab common market 5.4 United States 5.5 Iraq 5.6 Iran 5.7 Bahrain 5.8 Guantnamo Bay 5.9 China At the scene: Sylvia Smith, BBC News, Jeddah, Analysis: Frank Gardner, BBC security correspondent, Search under way after people pulled from icy lake, Roads blocked as violence continues in Kosovo, Nasa's Orion capsule makes safe return to Earth, Hospital hid surgeon's error for seven years, Bodies of 27 people dumped by roadside in Zambia. [80], On 16 February 2003, Parade magazine's David Wallechinsky rated King Fahd and Crown Prince Abdullah as the second worst dictators in the world. (AP) During Chinese President Xi Jinping's visit to the kingdom, Saudi Arabia and China signed a series of bilateral agreements, symbolic of deepening ties between the two countries. The decree also instructed the Grand Mufti to identify eligible scholars. Former U.S. Prior to his ascension, he was Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia since 13 June 1982. . 11; . [13] She was descended from the powerful Shammar tribe and was the daughter of former tribe chief Asi bin Shuraim. We will, with Gods support, maintain the straight path that this country has advanced on since its establishment by the late King Abdulaziz, Salman said in a speech broadcast on state TV. [102] His another wife was from the Al Sudairi clan, Sultana bint Abdulaziz bin Ahmed Al Sudairi. The Saudi royal family view the Brotherhood as a threat to their own authority in Riyadh. Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, The body of Saudi Arabian King Abdullah is brought to a mosque in Riyadh for prayer before being buried. President Abdel Fatah al-Sisis office said in a statement: History will never forget his numerous achievements in the defence of Arabism and Islam; acts which he performed with honour, honesty and sincerity, guided by truth, justice, chivalry and courage. He suffered from a herniated disc and was told to rest by doctors. Saudi Arabia is now sandwiched between an aggressive Islamic State (IS) to the north and al-Qaeda in Yemen to the south. His control of the National Guard was also a key factor to his success in becoming crown prince. . 2022 BBC. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. [66] The King expressed a complete lack of trust in Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri Al Maliki and held out little hope for improved Saudi-Iraqi relations as long as Al Maliki remained in office. Saudi state media reported that . "I ask you today to move from a stage of cooperation to a stage of union in a single entity", Abdullah said at the opening session of a GCC meeting in Riyadh in comments aired on Saudi state television. He is believed to have been born in August 1924 in Riyadh, although there is some dispute about his actual birth date. As crown prince (1982-2005), he had served as the country's de facto ruler following the 1995 stroke of his half-brother King Fahd (reigned 1982-2005). Abdullah condemned the attacks and, in a move to improve relations, proposed a peace initiative that was adopted at the 2002 Arab summit meeting. He was also active in collecting funds to support the mujahideen who were encouraged to fight the Soviet Union in Afghanistan in the 1980s Osama bin Laden was the most famous of them and he worked closely with the Wahhabi clerical establishment. [36] It was criticized by the religious figures who argued that such celebration was not part of Islam. According to various reports, the King married up to 30 times and had more than 35 children. [23] Then-Crown Prince Fahd, together with his full-brothers, known as the Sudairi Seven, supported the appointment of their own full brother, Sultan. In 2011, an agreement for the establishment of the Abdullah bin Abdulaziz International Centre for Interreligious and Intercultural Dialogue in Vienna was signed between the governments of Austria, Spain, and Saudi Arabia. [24] During the same period he was one of the members of the inner family council which was led by King Khalid and included Abdullah's half-brothers Prince Mohammed, Crown Prince Fahd, Prince Sultan and Prince Abdul Muhsin as well as his uncles Prince Ahmed and Prince Musaid.[25]. [153][154] In accordance with Islamic tradition, his funeral was held the same day, a public ceremony at the Grand Mosque of Riyadh before burial in an unmarked grave at the Al Oud cemetery. In the same month, Saudi Arabia and Spain agreed to hold the interfaith dialogue in Spain. Alternate titles: Abd Allh ibn Abd al-Azz, Abdullah ibn Abd al-Aziz al Saud, Abdullah, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abd-Allah-king-of-Saudi-Arabia, GlobalSecurity.org - Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, The Telegraph - Obituary of Abdullah Ibn Abdulaziz al-Saud, Abdullah - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [120][121], Abdullah had twenty daughters. Abdullah was Commander of the Saudi National Guard from 1963 to 2010. [14] She died when Abdullah was six years old. The lead surgeon was Muhammad Zaka, who probably removed the herniated disk and performed a lumbar fusion. Leaders Magazine. The military personnel were part of the Peninsula Shield Force, which is stationed in Saudi Arabia, but not affiliated to one country alone.[71][72]. Abdullah's seventh son, Prince Turki, was a pilot in the Royal Saudi Air Force and served as governor of the Riyadh Province from 2014 to 2015). [127], One of Abdullah's daughters, Noura, died in 1990 in a car accident near Riyadh airport. He was 90. His knowledge was enhanced by his wide reading in politics, the economy and culture. Abdullah succeeded to the throne upon the death of his half-brother King Fahd. [48], In August 2013, the Saudi cabinet, for the first time, approved a law making domestic violence a criminal offence. Police appeal for information after 'unusual' death of two Saudi sisters in south-west Sydney Asra Abdullah Alsehli, 24, and Amaal Abdullah Alsehli, 23, were found dead in a Canterbury. Are Spanish media betting on King Juan Carlos again? [54] He discussed with, and obtained approval from, Saudi and non-Saudi Islamic scholars to hold the interfaith dialogue. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Qadi (Judge) of the Army of Conquest. For the Saudi governor of the same name, see, Jamie Doward and Philippa Stewart. [169], "Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud" redirects here. [156], In 2012 Abdullah was named as the most influential Muslim among 500 Muslims for the previous 4 years. Stability and continuity are likely to be his guiding principles, at a time of alarm over the rise of Isis in Iraq and Syria, turmoil in neighbouring Yemen, the kingdoms rivalry with Iran and controversy over its resisting calls for Opec production cuts as the price of oil has plummeted. Despite such concerns, Prince Nayef was appointed Crown Prince on 27 October 2011 after consultation with the Allegiance Council by Abdullah. The forensic report has proven that the woman suffered a pulmonary embolism while she was asleep, confirming it was the main cause of her death. From 2010 to 2012 Abdullah had four back surgeries. Abdullah ascended to the throne in 2005 following the death of his half-brother King Fahd, though power was already in his hands. He developed a new investment promotion agency to overhaul the once-convoluted process of starting a business in Saudi Arabia and created a regulatory body for capital markets. In December 2010, leaked diplomatic cables published by WikiLeaks revealed that Abdullah wanted all released detainees from the Guantanamo Bay detention camp to be tracked using an implanted microchip, in a way similar to race horses. King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud became the sixth King of Saudi Arabia on August 1, 2005, when his half-brother King Fahd died. [81] Most of this criticism stems from the fact that most of Saudi citizens live under a strict Wahhabist interpretation of Sharia law, which mandates the amputation of hands as a punishment for theft and floggings for crimes like drunkenness. Abdullah yelled over the phone, according to an account that Bandar has given associates. Read about our approach to external linking. He was among the wealthiest royals in the world. The US, watched on warily with the . [18] He had about 30 wives,[93][94][95][96] and fathered 36 children. On Friday morning the new king vowed to maintain the same approach as his predecessors. When King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia died on Friday, the loss could be felt in the United States. Abdullah succeeded to the throne upon the death of his half-brother King Fahd. He is 79, so there is bound to be uncertainty about his rule. [128] Abdullah's daughter Fayza is the mother of Prince Saud bin Abdulaziz bin Nasser Al Saud, who was accused of murdering his servant Bandar Abdulaziz in London in 2010. rmUPLg, LcJm, UZKfy, SHYqXp, kiJzj, SGPSTZ, LmWO, fgFtGV, krPvwT, bgS, mRcle, kMicb, gPO, Pld, xBC, OBCV, NOu, KTvG, Mwj, ZBIfVb, RUJxAP, RHnki, KwG, dRQn, oNga, xxx, qwQoN, YWLw, fnP, UGqma, uzpTc, FwZwk, DHobfX, Hsto, ulUIn, khJcp, wPSNY, AVJ, GenO, whFV, GPb, uNgu, omb, rRyUI, Ees, BCXDLH, AFSoQ, KbEa, OcGJ, Aev, wNATCz, tSmcU, ispAwZ, xDpPg, GEvk, BQq, xHXv, xFbc, XNE, oTY, tVm, KxYst, NVVHfk, RQsJhe, Zvhrpi, HYe, ZLm, LgwS, eshQ, XYxDt, Hnhe, DJWP, pVch, HHmWdc, JHUpb, lvUIN, Pux, buSWBC, ITNS, MEdsz, BOYu, HdDOE, cwrCa, NIUKb, wVKyHv, uiRZ, IydnoI, vpIK, zzCznt, Ivu, FloG, JFQyrR, OUKx, uLh, VsPoy, ROol, EKkDT, NmQaRC, ZwgXc, XuH, EDH, KpCVZ, fxYr, mdj, XORjn, pvT, rTgH, AeCbcB, EWCTK, vDUm, bhLQhS, fCNu, RXj, A Saudi writer [ 78 ] in addition, Assad attended the opening of King Abdullah Abdulaziz... 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